Auto Immune Disease

Immune system Disease: Lupus HCA/240 Lupus is a deep rooted hazardous malady that makes the human body meddle with one's resistant framework. Indeed, even our own special, most recent genius Michael Jackson had the immune system sickness lupus. This infection makes tissue be eaten, synapses to quit working, organs to be obliterated, thus substantially more. As we as a whole know, the body will close down if all parts are not working appropriately. It is sheltered to state that the organs go hand and hand with each other. As such, one can't work effectively without the others help.Usually, the resistant framework secures these things, but since the isease lupus has assumed control over it keeps the framework from working appropriately. As the ailment spreads over the body, it gives a domino impact at whatever point the organs quit working. The most widely recognized kinds of lupus are fundamental lupus, discoid lupus, and subacute cutaneous lupus. â€Å"Systemic lupus may influence J oints, skin, kidneys, lungs, hear, veins, sensory system, blood, and mind. Discoid lupus erthyematosus (DLE) causes a skin rash that doesn't go away.Subacute cutaneous lupus causes skin injuries on parts of the body presented to the sun† (Corbett, 2013). There are a wide range of approaches to tell whether one has created lupus. â€Å"One approach to tell whether you have lupus is the regular side effects including: pain-filled joints (arthralgia), visit fevers of in excess of 100 degrees Fahrenheit, joint pain (swollen Joints), drawn out or outrageous weariness, skin rashes and anemia† (Quinn). Not to state that on the off chance that you are encountering one of these indications you have lupus, however in the event that it gives off an impression of being ceaseless it would be something I suggest getting checked out.For model, IVe experienced exhaustion, pain-filled Joints and a couple of more ymptoms that were referenced above yet I come to understand that I likewise have these manifestations at whatever point my iron is low or at whatever point IVe had a long significant exercise. Lupus is an infection that demonstrates no insignificant to man. This ailment can create among any age gathering, male or female. Notwithstanding, insights show that the focused on people are grown-up females and grown-up guys. Parker-Pope (2009) states that lupus influences a greater number of ladies than men, and is increasingly normal among blacks and Asians. Along these lines, we can reason that it is uncommon for kids to be our focused on crowd with this disease.Still right up 'til today, researchers have not found precisely what causes lupus however. â€Å"Because numerous lupus side effects emulate different ailments, are some of the time unclear, and may travel every which way, lupus can be hard to analyze. Determination is generally made by a cautious survey of an individual's whole clinical history and a physical assessment, combined with an investigation of the outcomes got in routine lab tests and some specific tests identified with safe status† (Quinn, n. d. ). There are a few medicines tor lupus however untortunately nobody nas come up witn a fix tor the disease.Treatments, for example, antimalarial drugs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive specialists/chemotherapy are totally used to help battle lupus. These medicines help to lessen torment and expanding, quiet the insusceptible framework, decrease cerebral pains, rashes, and forestall or diminish flares. â€Å"The hardest thing about lupus is that it's an undetectable disease,† says Carolyn Sayre, 24, of Manhattan. â€Å"It doesn't really restrict you to a wheelchair or make you stroll with a stick, yet it makes you drained and pain-filled and swollen and kind of causes you to feel like each day you're awakening with a terrible instance of he flu† (Parker-Pope, 2009, ).With that being stated, I can genuinely perceive how these sorts of ailments can be diffic ult to analyze or discover cautioning indications of such destructive malady. I'm sure that every one of us have sooner or later experienced more than one of the manifestations simultaneously. Once more, it is my recommendation to look for a specialist on the off chance that one is having ceaseless indications as recorded above before. Sayre is a prime case of precisely how horrendously it influences one's body. l, myself have never had seasonal influenza, thusly I was unable to try and start to envision the agony she endured during this time.

Conformity Essay -- essays research papers

As per Leon Mann, similarity implies ‘yielding to bunch pressures’. Everybody is an individual from one gathering or another and everybody anticipates that individuals from these gatherings should carry on in specific manners. In the event that you are an individual from an recognizable gathering you are relied upon to act properly to it. On the off chance that you don’t affirm and act properly you are probably going to be dismissed by the gathering. Like generalizations, adjusting and anticipating that others should adjust keeps up psychological equalization. There are a few sorts of similarity. Numerous investigations of similarity occurred in the 1950’s which drove Kelman to recognize consistence, disguise and ID. Consistence is the kind of similarity where the subject obliges the gathering view, however secretly can't help contradicting it. Disguise is the place the subject comes to acknowledge, and in the end puts stock in the gathering view. ID is the place the subject acknowledges and accepts the bunch see, since the person needs to become related with the gathering. Leon Mann distinguishes regularizing congruity which happens at the point when direct gathering pressure powers the person to yield under the danger of dismissal or the guarantee of remuneration. This can happen just on the off chance that somebody needs to be an individual from the gathering or the gatherings perspectives or conduct are imperative to the person somehow or another. Aside from standardizing congruity there is enlightening congruity which happens where the circumstance is ambiguous or questionable and in light of the fact that the individual is unsure the individual goes to others for proof of the fitting reaction. Thirdly, Mann distinguishes ingratiational congruity which happens where an individual attempts to do whatever the person in question figures the others will affirm so as to pick up acknowledgment (on the off chance that you cause yourself to seem, by all accounts, to be like another person, they may come to like you). The primary significant examination into similarity was led in 1935 by Sherif who utilized a visual deception, known as the auto-active impact. Sherif told his subjects that a spot of light which they were going to find in an obscured room was going to move, and he needed them to state the heading furthermore, separation of the development. In the main exploratory condition the subjects were tried independently. Some said the separation of development wasn’t exceptionally far in any directio, others said it was a few inches. Sherif recorded each subjects reaction. In the second trial condition, Sherif assembled his subject... ... furthermore, Willis give a few reactions of the early investigation into similarity. Right off the bat the investigations don't recognize the rationale or sort of similarity. Do the subjects accommodate so as to increase social endorsement? Are they basically going along? Do they truly accept that their reaction is right? Also Hollander and Willis guarantee that the tests don't recognize whether the subjects are going along on the grounds that they judge that it’s not worth showing up to appear as something else, or on the grounds that the really begin to accept that the gatherings judgment is right. Hollander and Willis too guarantee that the investigations can't show whether the individuals who do not accommodate do so in light of the fact that they are independant scholars or on the other hand since they are enemies of conventionalists. What's more, Lastly, they guarantee that the examinations appear to accept that independance must be acceptable and similarity must be awful. Be that as it may congruity is frequently benificial. Sherif and Asch have each directed genuinely fake laboritory tests which demonstrated that about 30% of reactions can be clarified by the need or want of the subjects to adjust. These investigations may not precisely reflect genuine when congruity may be benificial and now and again add to mental prosperity.

The Importance of Scientific Article Reviews

The Importance of Scientific Article ReviewsA scientific article review is one of the most important skills you can develop if you want to be a success as a freelance writer. It helps your clients and potential employers to make up their minds as to whether you are worth hiring, and what type of quality work you can do for them.While it is possible to write without having any knowledge of research or statistics, it is a serious mistake to try to write an article on your own when you are not a professional writer. If you do not have any experience with this, it is best to find someone who has some experience and get help from them. Otherwise, you may have difficulty managing your time with clients and delivering quality work that meets or exceeds expectations.When you read a scientific article review, look at the style of writing. Is it straight forward and not too technical? Does it have a logical structure? Does it flow well and not turn into a series of unrelated sentences that sta rt with the same phrase and end with a different phrase?You also need to pay attention to the quality of the writing and the facts included in the article review. Does the information provided support its statements? Is it factual or just opinion?A good scientific article review will be presented in plain English, so that readers can understand what is being said. The writer should avoid giving too much information on one side of the argument and not enough on the other side.Focus on the topic of the article. Ask yourself whether the writer has tried to analyze the area that needs to be covered. For example, would you be happy to hire a writer to write about a study done in a specific country, or would you prefer a writer to analyze the impact that America's corporate culture has on the economy?Finally, you need to ask yourself whether the writer is good at providing compelling information in a scientific article review. Does the writer make the reader want to know more about the to pic? Do they leave the reader wanting to read more?If you are a freelance writer, your first priority should be to find out whether you can make good use of scientific article reviews. They can provide a great starting point for both yourself and your readers. If you are new to writing for hire, these articles are a great way to begin to build your reputation as a professional.

Walt Disneys The Lion King Essay - 1031 Words

There is no doubt that todays entertainment has lost most of its touch with the more classical influences of its predecessors. However, in mid-1994, Walt Disney Pictures released what could arguably be the best animated feature of all time in The Lion King. With a moral base unlike most of the movies released at the time, TLK placed a childrens facade on a very serious story of responsibility and revenge. However, this theme is one of the oldest in history, and it is not the least apparent in one of the oldest works of literature by The Bard himself, William Shakespeare. The work that Disneys TLK parallels is none other than Hamlet: Prince of Denmark and the film shadow this work so closely, that parallels between the main characters†¦show more content†¦This delay between our characters adds a more haunting effect between the two works. Gladiator begins with the end of a war, to which Rome is victorious, and the emperor Marcus Aurelius, at the military camp, soon going to to die. Marcus Aurelius decides and tells his commanding general Maximus that he is the son he should have had. That the next day he is going to name Maximus his successor. Maximus tries to refuse but Marcus Aurelius tells him that that is the reason he must become the next emperor. He knows of the corruption in Rome, he wants to have done something to stop it before he dies and so he instruct Maximus to reform the senate and in time turn Rome back into a republic. Maxium agrees and leaves the emperor to himself. Commodus, the emperors actual son than walk in and the king explains to him that the next day he will be naming his successor and it will not be him. Commodus gets upset and demands to know who the new emperor will be. Marcus Aurelius tells him that he has chosen Maximus. Commodus starts crying about how his father loves Maximus more than him and how he has good qualities to, theyre different than Maximuss but theyre still good qualities. He then goes on about how his whole life all he wanted was for his fatherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Disneys The Lion King: The Two Billion Dollar Movie1375 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Disney’s â€Å"The Lion King† (A): The $2 Billion Movie â€Å"The Lion King† (A): The $2 Billion Movie† is a case describing the transformation that Disney underwent after being taken over by Michael Eisner and the subsequent release of â€Å"The Lion King.† Prior to the appointment of Eisner as CEO underperforming both creatively and financially, with critics claiming Disney was failing to innovate and move with the times, and financial analysts taking the company off their stock-to-buy lists due toRead MoreThe Lion King, Beauty And The Beast, And Sleeping Beauty1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthese children s stories. Walt Disney portrays children s tales as a simple, fun form of entertainment, but the original stories reveal the bigger truths, changes, and adversities of these children books. The Lion King, Beauty and the Beast, and Sleeping Beauty are three of the many children s stories that have controversial backgrounds. No matter the time frame, these stories have their differences, but strangely enough have more th an plenty similarities. Mid-1994, Walt Disney Pictures releasedRead MoreWalt Disney Co Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Disney is a worldwide entertainment company. Walt Disney Co is currently number one in the entertainment industry beating out competitors like News Corp, Time Warner, and CBS with revenues of $42,278 billion a year and a net income of $5.682 billion. The company is ranked number 66 on the Fortune 500 list and is ranked #17 on the World’s Most Valuable Brands List. Walt Disney’s headquarters are in Burbank, California and has been publicly traded as NYSE:DIS since 1991. Walt Disney began inRead MoreDisneys the Lion King: Sundiata in Disguise?1691 Words   |  7 PagesDisney’s The Lion King: Sundiata in Disguise? Over the course of this semester many of the literary works that have been read contained some source of message designed to both teach and improve either the reader or society. Amongst this collection of enlightening literary works, there have been a particular few that have illustrated this idea as well as highlighted particular historical facts about a specific civilization. One distinct book that has met both of these general objectives isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Disneyfication Of Broadway 1416 Words   |  6 Pagescleaner. Scholars have titled this the â€Å"Disneyfication of Broadway†(Wollman 445). Disney’s presence on Broadway remains virtually impossible to deny; however critics wonder whether what exactly this â€Å"Disneyfication† means for the future of American theatre. This essay follows the conversation surrounding Disney’s â€Å" Broadway takeover† as it pertains to both the phenomenon’s commercial and artist ic impact. The Walt Disney Company’s introduction to Broadway occurred in 1994 as a result of Mayor RudyRead MoreEssay on Walt Disney Company Analysis1652 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Disney is extremely known for being a film producer and popular showman. He was very recognizing for being an innovator in animation and theme park design. Disney was a visionary in terms of cartoons. Disney views and visions came from his persistence for the future. Walt Disney strives upon building Disney’s to have core strengths in three areas of entertainment and recreation, motion pictures and videos. Walt created his first animated character, Mickey Mouse. Mickey made his first debutRead MoreThe Life of Walter Elias Disney Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesWalter Elias Disney, known as Walt Disney was born of the 5th of december 1901 in Chicago. His father Elias Disney, was an irish-Canadian and his mother flora call Disney, who is of English and German decent. In 1909 Walt and his younger sister Ruth attended the new park school of Marceline. The Disneys lived in Marceline for four years before moving to Kansas in 1911. While in Kansas Walt and Ruth attended the Benton Grammar school. During his time at school Walt met Walter pfeiffer. Walter PfeifferRead MorePortrayal Of Female Heroines From Disney s Cartoon Heroines1664 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence the childhood development of many Americans like the Walt Disney Company. Disney, named after their founder, began as just an animation studio called The Walt Disney Studios, which the company describes as â€Å"the foundation on which The Walt Disney Company was built†. Today, Disney produces various items targeted at children like toys, clothing, and animation (â€Å"Company†). In the paper, Images of Animated Others: The Orientalization of Disney’s Cartoon Heroines From The Little Mermaid To The HunchbackRead MoreThe Land Of Pixie Dust And Fairytales The Happiest Place On Earth Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesfairytales the Happiest Place on Earth a nd that mouse Walt Disney World is all this and more to the over 50 million visitors who pour through its gates every year. Prices may be high and the lines long, but you can learn to love Disney with a little know-how. When you see kids eyes light up as they meet Mickey or glimpse Cinderella Castle on the horizon, you ll no longer able be able to say that you don t like Disney. The Topic: Walt Disney World is a tribute to the philosophy and life of WalterRead MoreCeo Robert A. Disney Corporation1561 Words   |  7 Pagesreport, Disney’s CEO Robert A. Iger divulges Disney’s brand strategy, he states, â€Å"we’ve reached this level of sustained success by focusing on three strategic priorities that unlock the limitless potential of this remarkable company: unparalleled creativity, innovative technology, and global expansion† (Fiscal Year 2014 3). Though Iger does not specifically refer to Disney Theatrical Productions (DTP) in his letter, the company’s strategic priorities most certainly extend to DTP. The Walt Disney

Biology in Everyday Life Free Essays

Biology Ariticle Summary #2 How Darwin won the evolution race Stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew or to differentiate into a range of somatic cell types. Adult stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells are found in specialized niches within the body and have been studied for decades. Much of our knowledge about these cells is based on in vitro experiments but the effects of moving them from their in vivo niche to culture conditions are unclear. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology in Everyday Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now This Perspective from Penney Gilbert and colleagues from the USA and Sweden focuses on adult stem cells found in skeletal muscle, also known as satellite cells. They address the problem that, once extracted from muscle and placed into culture, satellite cells quickly lose their ability to self-renew, complicating studies into their biology. The development of new bioengineering approaches, such as hydrogel microwell arrays, could solve this problem. These approaches can accurately monitor the behavior of satellite cells and provide robust data sets, thanks to the number of different tests that can be carried out in parallel. To illustrate the usefulness of such tools, the authors show how stem cell division and self-renewal can be tracked in clonal assays using time-lapse microscopy. By increasing the stiffness of the hydrogel microwells in the assays, satellite cells can be maintained in culture for up to one week and successfully engraft back into mouse muscle. Stem cells hold the potential to become part of powerful medical treatments and therapies, but only if we understand how we are changing them by removing them from their niche. This Perspective pushes this issue to the fore and offers some suggestions as to how we can further improve stem cell culture http://the-scientist. com/2012/04/01/are-cancer-stem-cells-ready-for-prime-time/ How to cite Biology in Everyday Life, Essay examples

Ptolemy Of Alexandria Essays - Ancient Greek Mathematicians

Ptolemy of Alexandria Ptolemy of Alexandria was the most influential astronomer of the ancient world. The books and theories Ptolemy developed served as a major basis for future astronomers. It was during the Renaissance period that his work became thoroughly studied and revised. Ptolemy collected all ancient knowledge of astronomy and geography including it in his book Almagest around 140 A.D. It follows, he then wrote a four volume astrological study known as the Tretrabiblos. Ptolemy claimed that the scribes of Babylon had been instructed since 750 B.C to keep detailed astronomical diaries. These diaries were written for seven hundred years on clay tablets. The tablets depicted night-sky events along with river level changes and weather phenomena. Modern archaeologists have confirmed the claim by unearthing Babylonian tablets recording observations of Mars and Venus from that time period. Ptolemy used a method of consulting lists of lunar phases, and planetary movements complied over many centuries to look for any similarities or regular patterns. The patterns that were discovered could then predict the next occurrence of such an event. Ptolemy eventually devised an ancient form of nautical almanac or "ephemeris". Mathematics could now not only be used to predict but to demonstrate whether a particular theory was correct or not. Ptolemy developed several theories of his own contrary to the beliefs of many other Greek astrologers at the time. He upheld that the "heavens" consisted of bodies orbiting the earth in a celestial path - this idea was supported for some time. Though his views were altered by the Renaissance (the sun was now placed at the centre), orbital concepts remain in modern astronomy. Ptolemy was familiar with a early type of astroblade. A skeleton star map which could be rotated above a solid plate engraved with day-curves and hour lines for a specific geographic latitude. Ptolemy became the first person to locate places on the earth's surface by latitude and longitude. Ptolemy often complained about the poor quality of Babylonian planetary data. Eclipses and other lunar events were timed with water clocks. Other phenomena were not always reported in the greatest scientific detail and some accounts were exaggerated. Astronomers made a several series of observations to reduce the effect of one individual error. Little thought was given to formulating new methods of accurate and scientific data recording. Ptolemy carefully distinguishes between forecasts related only to the sky and those connected to the human world. He states that it is possible to read human fate in the stars. Strangely, Ptolemy, as did other astrologers of that time period all agreed that the Dog Star was red. Today the Dog Star is blue white. No modern theory of stellar evolution can account for such a colour change. Overall, Ptolemy made several significant contributions to astronomy. The collection of ancient astronomy information in his books preserved many early theories. Although incorrect, Ptolemy's centre of the universe theory influenced orbital thinking. The greatest achievement Ptolemy conceived was his method of locating specific places using a sort of astro blade. This astro-blade creation would not be generally used until 1540 due to material limitations.

Free Essays on The Holocaust

The Holocaust during World War II was arguably one of the worst human induced disasters that have happened to the human race. The Holocaust orchestrated by the Nazi Empire destroyed millions of lives and created questions about humanity that may never be answered. Many psychological effects caused by the Holocaust forever changed the way the Jewish people view the world and themselves. The Jewish people have been scarred for generations and may never be able to once again associate with the rest of the free world. Further, these scars have now become the looking glass through which the survivors and their children view the world. Through narrow eyes, the survivors relate everything to the experiences they endured during the Holocaust. Likewise, these new views on the world shapes how the survivors live, interact, and raise a family both socially and spiritually. Some survivors are scarred so deeply they cannot escape the past feelings and images of terror; psychologists call this â €Å"Survivor Syndrome†. A survivor of the war is one who has encountered, been exposed to, or witnessed death, and has himself of herself remained alive. The symptoms affected not only survivors, but their families as well. These symptoms were also caused by some of the horrifying experiences that happened especially to the Jewish women. The symptoms included an inability to work, and even at times to talk. The Jewish people fear that it may happen again. Also a fear of uniformed police officers because of their position of power became very common. There were also many feelings of guilt for having survived when others had not. "Why am I alive?" â€Å"Why not my sister and brother...my whole family?" The Jewish holocaust survivors posed those and other questions. The survivors had thoughts of death, nightmares, panic attacks, and various other symptoms. Disinterest in life, people, and sometimes even in reality played a huge role in marital problems and suicid... Free Essays on The Holocaust Free Essays on The Holocaust The Holocaust â€Å"Do You Remember When† This exhibition was written about Gad and Manfred, two Jewish friends who went through torture, discrimination, and suffering, only to be ripped apart in the end. Manfred was born on September 8, 1922 in Berlin. His father worked as a barber while his mother stayed home to take care of him and his 4 siblings. Gad was born on June 30, 1923, along with a twin sister named Miriam. Gad was only considered â€Å"half-Jew† because his mother had been a Protestant before converting to Jewish. Manfred had written Gad a journal, titled â€Å"Do you remember when,† to make Gad happy when he read it. In Manfred’s journal, he wrote about Hitler, saying, â€Å"how could anyone bring us someone like this?† The two friends used to spend nights together in the basement of their Jewish school as part of an obligatory air raid patrol. Gad and Manfred became members of the He-halutz youth group, a band of Jewish teens. Although the youth group did have their fun pl aying games, they were soon forced to work, as were all Jewish people over the age of 14. By September 15, 1941, all Jews were forced to wear a yellow star. The He-halutz group reacted by banning together and becoming more political. These two men eventually became more than friends, bringing out their homosexuality. As torture from the Nazis grew stronger, conflict rose in Jewish communities on how to react. Rumors about the Jewish’s destination had been heard, but nobody knew the exact truth. In the Fall of 1942, Manfred’s family â€Å"got their lists.† They were being forced to go to Grosse Hamburger Strasse, a destination â€Å"for work.† Gad, disguised as a Hitler-lover, managed to sneak in to see Manfred. Gad gave him $20, as Manfred told him that he did not have the heart to escape, he could not leave his family. â€Å"Hidden History of the Kovno Ghetto† The Holocaust began in the summer of 1941, as German troops invaded... Free Essays on The Holocaust The Holocaust is a major event in world history. Indifference was to blame for the millions of unique people slaughtered. Prejudice begins with the â€Å"less than we are† logic. Hitler and the Nazis believed that the pure Arian race was above all other races. They believed this to the extent of butchering all who didn’t fit in, or anyone challenging Hitler's master race. These were the gradual steps that led to the ultimate consequence, sprouting from that first name calling. Some of the first Anti-Semitism acts were boycotts of all Jewish shops. This was instigated by the S.A. Not only small business owners suffered, the same action was directed against Jewish physicians and lawyers. Schooling for Jewish students was forbidden. Around the same time, Jewish people were to wear the Star of David so they could be identified without confusion. Many people are surprised to hear that the German government elected in 1933 was completely democratic. Remember, Hitler was voted into power, there was no military overthrow. However, Hitler did have his 50 000 body guards which he named schutzstaffel (SS) founded in April 1925. Heinrich Himmler was the commander from 1929 until its collapse in 1945. 1934 to 1936 served as the high point of Hitler’s rein of horror; The SS now gained control of Germany’s police forces, which included â€Å"racial matters†. The SS divided into two sub-units: Allgemeince-SS (general SS) and the Waffen-SS (armed SS). These two organizations combined totalled over 250 000 troops by 1939. The main component of the General SS was the Reichssicherheitshauptamt ("RSHA," Reich Security Central Office in German). 4 sub-groups were included within the RSHA including the notorious Gestapo controlled by Heinrich Muller. The Armed SS consisted of three main groups. The first was the Leibstandarte, they served Hitler as his personal bodyguard. The Totenkopfverbande were in charge of the death ... Free Essays on The Holocaust The Holocaust during World War II was arguably one of the worst human induced disasters that have happened to the human race. The Holocaust orchestrated by the Nazi Empire destroyed millions of lives and created questions about humanity that may never be answered. Many psychological effects caused by the Holocaust forever changed the way the Jewish people view the world and themselves. The Jewish people have been scarred for generations and may never be able to once again associate with the rest of the free world. Further, these scars have now become the looking glass through which the survivors and their children view the world. Through narrow eyes, the survivors relate everything to the experiences they endured during the Holocaust. Likewise, these new views on the world shapes how the survivors live, interact, and raise a family both socially and spiritually. Some survivors are scarred so deeply they cannot escape the past feelings and images of terror; psychologists call this â €Å"Survivor Syndrome†. A survivor of the war is one who has encountered, been exposed to, or witnessed death, and has himself of herself remained alive. The symptoms affected not only survivors, but their families as well. These symptoms were also caused by some of the horrifying experiences that happened especially to the Jewish women. The symptoms included an inability to work, and even at times to talk. The Jewish people fear that it may happen again. Also a fear of uniformed police officers because of their position of power became very common. There were also many feelings of guilt for having survived when others had not. "Why am I alive?" â€Å"Why not my sister and brother...my whole family?" The Jewish holocaust survivors posed those and other questions. The survivors had thoughts of death, nightmares, panic attacks, and various other symptoms. Disinterest in life, people, and sometimes even in reality played a huge role in marital problems and suicid...

Differences between Action and Stative Verbs

Differences between Action and Stative Verbs All verbs in English are classified as either stative or action verbs (also referred to as dynamic verbs). Action verbs describe actions we take (things we do) or things that happen. Stative verbs refer to the way things are - their appearance, state of being, smell, etc. The most important difference between stative and action verbs is that action verbs can be used in continuous tenses and stative verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Action Verbs Shes studying math with Tom at the moment. AND She studies math with Tom every Friday. Theyve been working since seven oclock this morning. AND They worked for two hours yesterday afternoon. Well be having a meeting when you arrive. AND We are going to meet next Friday. Stative Verbs The flowers smell lovely. NOT Those flowers are smelling lovely. She heard him speak in Seattle yesterday afternoon. NOT She was hearing him speak in Seattle yesterday afternoon. Theyll love the concert tomorrow evening. NOT Theyll be loving the concert tomorrow evening. Common Stative Verbs There are many more action verbs than stative verbs. Here is a list of some the most common stative verbs: Be -  He is from Dallas, TX in the Southwest.Hate -  She hates ironing clothes, but doesnt want to wear them wrinkled.Like -  I like spending time with my friends.  Love  - She loves her children just as any mother loves her children.Need -  Im afraid I dont need a new pair of shoes.  Belong -  Do these keys belong to you?Believe -  Jason believes the news about the company, but I dont.Cost - How much does that book cost?Get -  I get the situation, but I still dont know the answer.Impress -  Does Tom impress you with all his knowledge?Know - She knows the answer, but she doesnt want to give it away.Reach - Can I reach and take the hamburger?Recognize -  Susan recognizes the need for a discussion.Taste -  The wine tastes very fruity, but still has a dry finish.Think -  I think thats a good idea.  Understand -  Do you understand the question? You may notice that some of these verbs can be used as action verbs with different meanings. For example, the verb to think can either express an opinion ​or the process of considering. In the first case, when think expresses an opinion it is stative: I think she should work harder on her math.She thinks he is a fantastic singer. Think, however, can also express the process of considering something. In this case think is an action verb: Theyre thinking about buying a new house.Shes thinking of joining a health club. Generally, stative verbs fall into four groups: Verbs Showing Thought or Opinions Know -  She knows the answer to the question.Believe -  Do you believe what he says every time?Understand - I understand the situation very well.Recognize -  She recognizes him from high school.   Verbs Showing Possession Have -  I have a car and a dog.Own -  Peter owns a motorcycle and a scooter, but no car.Belong -  Do you belong to the fitness club?Possess -  She possesses an incredible talent for talking. Verbs Showing Senses Hear -  I hear someone in the other room.Smell -  It smells bad in here. Did you fart?See -  I see three trees in the yard.Feel -  I feel happy this afternoon.   Verbs Showing Emotion Love -  I love listening to classical music.Hate -  She hates to get up early every day.Want -  I want some help with my homework.Need -  I need some time with my friends.   If you are unsure of whether a verb is an action verb or a stative verb ask yourself the following question: Does this verb relate some sort of process or a state? If it relates a process, then the verb is an action verb. If it relates a state, the verb is a stative verb.

Quality Management in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Quality Management in Business - Essay Example minimum errors in the operational procedures and improvising production services as per customers’ demand (Arab British Academy for Higher Education, n. d.). Specifically, in terms of hotels such as ‘The Rose and Crown’ that relies on customer service rather than selling products, errors can be of multiple forms. These can be providing the customers with inadequate levels of service or poor customer response time. All these forms of errors are normal in case of hospitality industry but the main concern lies on the management about how they deal with such issues and how fast they rectify them (Arab British Academy for Higher Education, n. d.). Quality, in terms of service in hotel industry is a process where the management team focuses on assessing the expectations of the customers for the services that they are offered with (AbuKhalifeh & Som, 2012). Customers’ expectations can be evaluated in terms of ‘reliability’, ‘assurance’ ‘responsiveness’ and ‘empathy’. In case of ‘The Rose and Crown’ hotel, the degrading quality of service towards customers can be stated as the cause of emerging major problems. Services provided by the hospitality organisations towards its customers can be segregated into multiple categories that together contribute towards the overall development of maintaining greater association with the customers (AbuKhalifeh & Som, 2012). Quality assurance and quality control are duly considered to be the subparts of total quality management (TQM). These two assessment tools provide both qualitative as well as quantitative data and thus play decisive roles in inspecting and assuring an organization’s quality service management. The data accumulated through these two processes eventually helps in developing and initiating strategies for improvising the quality of service and thus providing customer satisfaction (Shahin, n. d.). For bringing about improvement in ‘The Rose and Crown’ in terms of service, which is

Music concord Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Music concord - Essay Example The people were in an excited mood as the performance of the first song came to an end (Murph n.pag). The conductor stood still holding the baton, as he beckoned the band to start on the next song. â€Å"Autumn† by John Stevens was an upbeat standard of the original tune. A saxophone and piano alternately played the song’s melody like they were two lovers under the moon light. The melody was overwhelming and everybody in the hall seemed to be nodding to the tunes rhythmically. The second part of the concert featured songs written by Christian Gouinguene. The allegro format of the songs made them sound nothing like the original versions. This made the mood of the concert hall even more jubilant because everybody seemed to be enjoying the vibrant sounding new versions of the songs (Murph n.pag). One can actually say the presto, or fast tempo, was just the correct one for young people to enjoy this composer’s songs to the fullest. The rhythm, of the music was continuously getting steadier and faster like a heartbeat of an exhilarated individual, as the songs reached their climax. The dynamics of the song were increasingly getting louder until all instruments reached peak and then rhythmically changed to a moderate level till the series of songs ended. After the intermission, the people were quiet again ready to be taken for another exhilarating journey of tunes and harmonious melodies. â€Å"Naked as a Jaybird† by J.J. Johnson started the session. The inspiring melodies set an amorous mood at the start of the concert session (Murph n.pag). As the passion of the song got more elaborate and heated up, the feeling changed as the lead violinist and other instruments in the ensemble got into the musical accompaniment. However, there was no big change in the melodic feel of the piece and the 1, 2, 3 pattern was noticeable throughout the entire song. After just a short while, one could also hear

The Spherical Image as the Central Paradox in Valediction: for Weeping

The Spherical Image as the Central Paradox in Valediction: for Weeping    In John Donne's "A Valediction: for Weeping," the speaker consoles his lover before leaving on a sea voyage and begs her not to cry.   Crying, the speaker tells his lover this poem at the docks before he boards his ship going abroad.   Donne uses a spherical image as the central metaphor in his poem. When Donne uses irony, paradox, and hyperbole including the use of round images such as: coins, globes, and tears he strengthens the spherical conceit.   By comparing two "seeming" opposites like tears and love as his conceit, Donne uses the spherical image as the central paradox in "A Valediction: Of Weeping."        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Donne opens the poem with the speaker crying while talking to his lover before his departure abroad.   His first spherical images are in the first stanza,   and they are tears and coins:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Let me pour forth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My tears before thy face whilst I stay here,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For thy face coins them, and thy stamp they bear,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And by this mintage they are something worth," (1-4)    Both the coins and his tears have "worth," literal and figurative values respectively.   His tears fall from his face because he hurts for leaving, something no amount of coins can pay to alleviate. Like coins being stamped out of a sheet of metal, his tears are pressed from his eyes.  Ã‚   Because water reflects her image and tears are made out of water, the stamp image has a double meaning too.   The tears equal the lover.   The mintage mentioned in line four has an expanded meaning.   A set of pressed coins is a mintage as is the set of the speaker's tears, but the impression on the coin (the lover's face) can also be a mintage.      ... ...he other's death." (26) As they sigh, their sighs create wind which upsets the water.   The rough water, on which the speaker is sailing, could drown him.      Ã‚  Ã‚     Donne's mastery of comparison allows him to create an in-depth metaphor comparing spherical images to two lover's love.   He uses some of the same images as he does in his other poems for example: holy love and tears in "The Canonization," spheres in "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" and "The Sun Rising," and two worlds becoming one in "The Good-Morrow" and "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning."   Also in the other valediction poem Donne includes the line "No tear floods, nor sigh tempest move." (6) This idea is mentioned in   "A Valediction: Of Weeping" too.    Donne uses the simple round images to symbolize a deeper meaning coupled with metaphor and paradox to create a complex love poem.   

Facts of the Case Essay

The video of case number 82A04-8876-CV-285, White vs. Gibbs and O’Malley’s Tavern, is a video where the defendant is going before judges seeking summary judgment as a matter of law in their favor. Debbie White has sued Patrick Gibbs under the civil provisions of Indiana’s Dram Shop Act, Indiana Code 7.1-5-10-15.5. This case was brought in diversity before the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana due to the parties residing in two different states. The case will be decided under Indiana state law. The purpose of this trial is to argue the motion of summary judgment. A summary judgment is â€Å"a procedure used during civil litigation to quickly resolve a case without a trial. The judge grants summary judgment only if there are no disputes as to the material facts of the case and the party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law†. The plaintiff in this case is Mrs. White and attorneys Amanda Babot and Jackson Walsh represent her. The defendant in this case is Mr. Gibbs and O’Malley’s Tavern being represented by Attorneys Benjamin Walton and Jordan Van Meter. Mr. Walton is addressing the issue of actual knowledge of visual intoxication as required under the Indiana Dram Shop Act. Mr. Walton argued that Mr. Hard was not engaging in any activities that would have adequately demonstrated intoxication. Hard was simply sitting at a bar in the presence of John Daniels, the bartender. The only evidence of Mr. Hart being intoxicated is that he was more â€Å"chatty† than usual. According to the Indiana Supreme Court, â€Å"if increased talkativeness is the only evidence, that is insufficient as a matter of law to support any reasonable inference of actual knowledge.† (Delta ta Delta). Mr. Van Meter is addressing the issue of approximate causation for the defense. Mr. Hard’s criminal act is a super ceding intervening cause, which breaks the cause of connection between the negligence of the defendant and the injury. Also, because this was a criminal act, the injury that resulted was not a natural and probable consequence that w as reasonably foreseeable in light of the circumstances. Mr. Walsh, the plaintiff’s attorney, is presenting the issue of actual knowledge of intoxication. Mr. Walsh is arguing against summary judgment based on two reasons. First, Indiana Courts have held that when a reasonable inference of evidence and circumstances of a case could result in more than one conclusion, summary judgment is inappropriate. Second, the jury could infer that the bartender had actual knowledge of the visible intoxication of Mr. Hard when he last served him alcohol. Ms. Babot is arguing against summary judgment based on approximate cause due to three reasons. First, there are reasonable inferences that a jury could make in favor of the plaintiff. Second, the injuries to Mrs. White were the reasonable and foreseeable consequences of serving an intoxicated patron. Thirdly, a criminal can be the intervening act that does not break the chain of causation because the act is reasonably foreseeable. Ms. Babot listed four factors that a judge has to look at when considering approximate. What and how much alcohol was consumed, what is the amount of time it was served in, the conditions of the patron before leaving the bar, and the condition of the patron immediately after leaving. Facts There were previous incidents where Mr. Hard and Mr. White had altercations. On one incident, Hard and Mr. White were in a physical altercation and had to be separated. During this incident, Mr. Hard was sober. This shows that there is a history of Mr. Hart trying to physically hurt Mr. White. In this particular case, Mr. and Mrs. White went to O’Malley’s Tavern. Edward Hard, Mrs. White’s former lover, was also at the tavern that night. Mr. Hard’s bar tab shows that he purchased 13 alcohol drinks, in a 2 hour and 40 minute period. Before Mrs. White arrived at the Tavern, he had five drinks. In roughly a half hour, John Daniels, the bartender, served Edward Hart five shots of whisky and one beer. Mr. Daniels was the only bartender working the night of July 28th so he served all the shots of liquor and other alcoholic beverages to Mr. Hard. When Mr. Hard finished his last shot of liquor, Hard tried to stand up from his barstool and tripped over a pool stick and fell. The bartender was not in the room when Hart fell. By the time John Daniels came back into the room, Edward Hard was already up and back on his bar stool. The bartender then served him another beer. When Mr. Hard saw Mr. and Mrs. White leaving, he finished his drink and proceeded to pursue them. At 7:43 pm, he was served his last drink. Five minutes later he paid and leaves. Once outside, Mr. Hard raised his hand in an attempt to strike one of them, but as he swung, he fell to the ground. Once the Whites were in their car and leaving. Mr. Hard started his car and sped out of the parking lot recklessly hitting cars and other items on his way out. Mr. Hard was also swerving erratically while driving after Mr. and Mrs. White. The 911 call showed that Mr. Hard was on the wrong side of the road when Mrs. White made a left hand turn. Mrs. White also said that Mr. Hard was following them. Before the collision, Mr. Hard did not slow down as he drove straight into Mrs. White car. At 7:55 p.m., the police report is taken for the accident. Mr. Hard was disheveled, swaying, staggering, unable to speak coherently, and having poor hand-eye coordination. Issue The legal issue is whether the O’Malley’s Tavern is legally responsible for the Mrs. White’s injuries and Mr. White’s death. If the bartender had actual visual knowledge of Mr. Hard’s intoxication, then the tavern can be held responsible for the incident. [What is the legal issue that this case hinges on? Possibly, whether or not the Dram law applies and if so how- you figure this one out from the video? State what the issue is. This is probably only 1 or 2 sentences.] Analysis Mr. Walton and Mr. Van Meter have the more conviencing argument in this trial. If the bartender was not in the room to witness Mr. Hard fall down while he was still drinking, then there was no action to show the level of Mr. Hard’s intoxication. It would be difficult to gauge how intoxicated Mr. Hard was based on him drinking. The first time that the bartender would have truly noticed that he was intoxicated was after Mr. Hard had finished drinking and fell down when he tried to hit Mr. White as he was leaving. Since there was a history of altercations between Mr. Hard and Mr. White, as well as the same night of the accident, it is safe to reason that Mr. Hard running into the White’s vehicle was meant to cause harm to Mr. White. This would make the action premeditated and thus a criminal offense, not negligence on the tavern behalf.

Concept Of Maximising Shareholder Wealth Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3296 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Concept Essay Did you like this example? Maximizing share holder wealth is a concept in which optimally increasing the long-term value of the firm is emphasized. Milton Friedman recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is often quoted as saying The business of business is business He actually did say there is one and only one social responsibility of business-to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud. Friedman used the term profits, rather than shareholder wealth but the two are often seen as interchangeable. Not only is this not true, there is an increasing body of opinion that views the prime motive of maximizing shareholder wealth as deeply flawed. In the history accounting and finance, it is assumed that the objective of the business is to maximize the value of a company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Concept Of Maximising Shareholder Wealth Example For Free" essay for you Create order Put simply, this means that the managers of a business should create as much wealth as possible for the shareholders. Given this objective, any financing or investment decision that is expected to improve the value of the shareholders stake in the business is acceptable. In short, the objective for managers running a business should be profit maximization both in the short and long-term. Shareholders are deemed as the owners of the business. Their main aim is to increase their wealth, finance managers are employed to achieve this aim. In order to maximise shareholder wealth it would mean Maximising the flow of dividends to shareholders through time there is a long term prospective (Arnold, 2005) Shareholder wealth is a short-term gain, and can be artificially increased without adding any tangible assets or products to the companys rooster. You can, for example, simply lay off an entire short-term unessential department; say Research and Development rather than the shop floor, and the next quarters profits will be increased. But what about the social responsibility of the workers made redundant in order to make share price healthy? That is the fallacy with an unthinking mantra of maximizing. Almost any executive decision, no matter how socially irresponsible or unethical can be justified as intended to increase the stock price. Managers on short term leash might stay at the same point on the demand curve but economize more on resource if they must maximize shareholder wealth. Economizing inputs tend to offset the maximisers reducing output. In an economy with widespread monopoly some firms encouraged to maximize shareholder wealth would primarily encourage while others should slash production and reduce allocative efficiency one cannot predict which effect would dominate. Traditional theory suggests that the key aim of any business is to generate the greatest possible value for the company, leading to the maximum possible return for shareholders. As Ian D avies argues, this so-called Shareholder Theory is based on the idea that the ultimate aim of a company is to generate profit and pass this profit, along with any associated value, on to the shareholders who took the risk of purchasing those shares in the first place (Davies, 2007); furthermore, any approach that minimises the companys outgoings will, in theory, contribute to the growth of the asset-value of the company and therefore to the ultimate return to shareholders. Within the concept of Shareholder Theory, there is technically no limit to the methods that might be used in order to maximise shareholder wealth. One of the most commonly used methods, according to Jill H. Ellsworth and Matthew V. Ellsworth, is strategies for the reduction of tax liabilities, in other words reducing the amount of tax paid in order to increase the amount of money that can be paid out as dividends to shareholders (Ellsworth Ellsworth, 2007 ed., p. 58). However, arguably, this theory is overly s implistic: for example, while one strategy might generate greater short-term wealth for shareholders, a less obvious strategy might, in the longer-term, generate far greater wealth. For example, while a company could use surplus profits in order to increase the dividend, it could also use them to invest in projects that could yield far greater gains in the future. This, in turn, could increase the overall share price. This approach highlights an important problem: not all shareholders are the same, and while some are willing to wait for the longer-term results, others are after short term gain. There is no guarantee that both can be satisfied by the same approach. COMPETING THEORIES Other theories for example Stakeholder theory asserts that managers should make decisions that take into account the interests of all stakeholders of the firm. Such stakeholders include not only financial claimholders but also employees, managers, customers, suppliers, local communities, government, and others. Thus, stakeholder theory involves trying to maximize multiple objectives. Maximization of shareholder wealth focuses on owners and is a single-valued objective. This does not mean that corporate managers should disregard stakeholders other than owners. On the contrary, they need to be aware of the needs, wants, and interests of these other constituencies, but the owners come first. Although Shareholder Theory has been the dominant approach for many years, the new Stakeholder Theory is gaining ground. This theory suggests that Shareholder Theory is merely one part of the overall strategy that should be employed, with the others including such relatively unfixed concepts as earnings per share, employee satisfaction and environmental protection. Andy Coulson-Thomas argues that Stakeholder Theory is based on the idea that a business is an organic creature that will produce better results for everyone if holistically managed and, overall, led towards a situation in which every aspect of the company is performing well (Worthington et al., 2008, p. 147). This is clearly not a short-term theory, and one again illustrates the dramatic divide between the aims of different shareholders. However, Stakeholder Theory does have one major advantage, which is that it allows a more organic, cross-company angle to be applied, one which allows for stable long-term growth at the expense, perhaps, of short-term profit and wealth maximisation. Its also important to consider the size of the company and its location. Size affects such matters as taxation liability and economy of scale, and there are dramatically different rules when it comes to larger corporate entities. Although generalisations are dangerous, its true to say that smaller companies face less legislation in terms of moves to prevent tax avoidance etc., although to compensate for these larger companies often employ legal teams to address such issues. Davies argues that this balances out leading to virtual parity in terms of how companies of different sizes deal with taxation (and) they end up paying virtually the same rates, albeit from very different starting points (Davies, 2007, p. 37). Its also possible to relocate the companys base to a state with little or no corporate income tax, or where potential lawsuits are far more likely to be resolved in the companys favour. This may generate subsequent problems for shareholders, however, since their profits will be considered to be coming from abroad and may therefore be subject to additional taxation. This is an example of what McLaney calls blind strategy (Davies, 2007, p. 6), whereby something that initially seems to be good (for th e company) is ultimately bad for the shareholders. In light of the factors above, CEOs of major companies are being urged, to look to other theories of corporate purpose. In this theory, the customer comes first. Perhaps the most notable change of purpose, as advocated by Richard Ellsworth and Ian Davies, is to change corporate focus from the shareholder to the customer. For example, in his book Leading with purpose Ellsworth offers statistics, drawn from a study of 23 companies that show those businesses that were mostly customer-focused exceeded their industries median performance by 36 per cent. But what does focusing on the customer mean? Isnt it something that successful businesses have always done? Yes and no. In his book, The New Business Road Test John W. Mullins defines customer focus as a corporations ability to resolve customers pain. Mullins then goes on to highlight the case of Nike who impacted on the sports shoe market by designing shoes that met the specific sp eed and endurance needs of distance runners. In 1972, eight years after Nike (then known as Blue Ribbon Sports) was formed, four of the top seben finishers in the Olympic marathon wore Nike shoes. Two decades later, after many years of strong growth, Nike targeted women, for whom its products seemed to hold limited appeal. Nikes researchers found that for active women, clothes had to perform a double-duty, handle an intense workout and look good on the street. Nike turned their research iinto new product lines and in 2005 their combined womens business grew by almost 20% outpacing even the companies overall growth. But away from Mullins, Naomi Kliens book, No Logo, shows there is more to Nikes corporate purpose than target markets. Klien points out that Nike is also probably the most famous case of western companies using sweatshop labour a scandal that was bought to national USA attention in 1995-96 and has dogged the company ever since. The question is this: how do we interpret Ni kes repeated attempts to change unethical working practices at its various sites around the world? What do we say about the introduction of schools, donations and increased wages it has given out to workers it previously exploited? Can they be seen as cynical attempts by a panicked business to maintain shareholder value, or genuine efforts to resolve their customers moral pain? Nikes efforts at ethical working practices brings me to CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CSR has become the basis on what organisations do well. There are several studies as to what CSR is, several researchers (Friedman, Rudolf, Davis etc.) have given their own definitions, the World Business Council has defined it as the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and to contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families, as well as of the local community and society at large. (Source: Xrefer, definition of Corporate Social Responsibilit y) Companies usually implement CSR into their policies and practices so the effects of their activities have a positive social, environmental, legal and economic impact on the communities in which they operate and on their stakeholders. Some organisations behave more socially responsibility because it is an obligation by the managerial board, but also because of fear of backlash from environmentalist and consumer pressure groups and the media, and negative corporate image. It has been argued that behaving in a more socially responsibility manner can be beneficial to an organisation in the long run. A good example of an ethical organisation is the Body Shop. The Body Shop was founded by Anita Roddick in 1976, and has achieved worldwide status for being profitable and socially responsible, which proved that an organisation can be ethical and successful and reward shareholders and satisfy stakeholders at the same time. It has achieved worldwide popularity due its ethical practice s, famously recognised for being against animal testing and promoting cosmetic products that have not been tested on animals, . They had a business case to provide body care products that have not been tested on animals and their business case just provides further support that an organisation can be profitable whilst being ethical. SHAREHOLDER WEALTH CRITICISM Another difficulty with Shareholder Theory is that aspects of wealth growth, most notably those related to tax, are increasingly complex and require a variety of forensic-level approaches that are often impossible for a large corporation to undertake. For example, some shareholders might benefit from a corporation-based tax reduction strategy, while others might be better off utilising their own such systems. Its impossible to tell which system will suit which shareholder, and its also impossible to mix the two systems. There is therefore a fundamental need to balance competing needs and, often, to find a balance that generates the best average result for shareholders. To compensate for such problems, companies can help their shareholders to form their own corporation designed to either own stock or to act as consultants (mainly for smaller companies). A. McNeil notes that such tactics are likely to appeal only to shareholders who are more proactive in their involvement in the c ompany, whereas research shows that over three quarters of shareholders prefer a far more passive involvement (McNeil, 2007, p. 85). Furthermore, a number of commentators have argued that such tactics usually offer fewer benefits than they promise on paper, since there must be consideration given to the costs of incorporation and the operation of such a company. Turner and Johnson, for example, argue that the hidden costs in such an operation almost always outweigh the possible benefits (Turner Johnson, 2003, p. 238). Ultimately, the concept of maximising shareholder wealth represents a return to the principle of using a business in order to increase the wealth of individuals. As Andy Coulson-Thomas has suggested, this approach has often been lost in recent years as individuals (instead) work for the greater good of the company, which is often valued more highly than the wealth of the shareholders (Worthington et al., 2008, p. 58). Its clear that attempts to focus on the maximis ation of shareholder wealth often involve increased complexity and, as a result, present a number of potential points at which profit can be lost. There are a number of conflicting theories in terms of which approach might be best when it comes to maximising shareholder wealth, but its clear that the most fundamental problem is that shareholders often have different, and in many cases competing, aims the key difference is in terms of how quickly they want to see a profit, and the needs of short-term profit-seekers are likely to contradict the needs of those seeking a longer-term profit generation system. There is even the problem with the stock price itself as illustrated in my third paragraph above. It simply isnt always in management control. Again, as we have seen recently, share value largely depends on the confidence the market has in a corporation or the sector that the corporation operates in. as confidence in the banking sector has recently plummeted, even organizations with a healthy balance sheet have seen their share prices tumble. Consider the monopolist in a nation that denigrates shareholder wealth maximization and has rules and norms that discourage lay-offs. Employees cannot easily be laid off. Their jobs cannot be radically reconfigured without their consent. As such, the monopolist might not cut production and raise prices further, despite the shareholder-wealth-maximization basis for doing so, because it must pay the employees anyway if labor markets are rigid and if it cannot costlessly redeploy its workforce. In such circumstances, not only are the employees with jobs protected, but national wealth is increased (or at least not decreased) by slack agency controls on managers. A weak shareholder primacy norm facilitates greater production. I would say there is the problem of the shareholders themselves. These are not necessarily long-term investors with the interests of the company at heart, but transient individuals, some of whom, a s we have seen lately, may actually look to make money out of a business by betting on the share price going down .i.e. taking the fall of shareholders like Conrad Black and Bernard Madoff. As per tutor2u,  Managers of a business should create as much wealth as possible for the shareholders. Given this objective, any financing or investment decision that is expected to improve the value of the shareholders stake in the business is acceptable. This is based on the assumption that managers operate in the best interests of stockholders, not themselves, and do not attempt to expropriate wealth from lenders to benefit stockholders. Another assumption is that managers act in a socially responsible manner and do not create unreasonable costs to society in pursuit of stockholder wealth maximization.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  (Blackwell publishing, 2009) Wealth maximization is achieved by maximization of the cash flows of the organization.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Cash flow is a better yardstick than the profits. There are several objections against the profit maximization: One it is vague; there are multiple meanings of Profit.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  For example profit after tax, retained earnings. Thus profits cannot be the ultimate goal. Two it is uncertain; as per Freemba, Profit cannot be ascertained well in advance to express the probability of return as future is uncertain. It is not at possible to maximize what cannot be known. Hence the timing of the profit cant be estimated. Three it ignores time value of money; Profits ignore the time value of money which is not in the case of cash flows. One can exactly find the timing of cash flows. Hence cash flow is a better measure. CONCLUSION Despite its advantages of greatly simplifying directors decision making we should discard the fictional undiversified shareholder concept for two reasons. First, it is highly unrealistic, more so than the other alternatives here considered. Second, it is indeterminate as to the degree of risk-aversion that should be ascribed to this fictional shareholder, and this degree of freedom completely undercuts ability of the shareholder wealth maximization norm to constrain director conduct. The  goal of Maximization of profits I think to be a narrow outlook. Evidently when profit maximization becomes the basis of financial decisions of the concern, it ignores the interests of the community on the one hand and that of the government, workers and other concerned persons in the enterprise on the other hand. Hence profit maximization is not considered as the ultimate financial objective. Wealth maximization is considered to be the most important financial objective Organization s hould also consider non financial objectives too to satisfy the other stakeholders of the organization. Stakeholder can be a person, group, organization, or system who affects or can be affected by an organizations actions. This means satisfying the objectives of customers, suppliers, government agencies, families of employees, special interest groups.  This will help in achieving the success in long term too. Ultimately, the concept of maximising shareholder wealth represents a return to the principle of using a business in order to increase the wealth of individuals.This approach has often been lost in recent years as individuals work for the greater good of the company, which is often valued more highly than the wealth of the shareholders Its clear that attempts to focus on the maximisation of shareholder wealth often involve increased complexity and, as a result, present a number of potential points at which profit can be lost. There are a number of conflicting theorie s in terms of which approach might be best when it comes to maximising shareholder wealth, but its clear that the most fundamental problem is that shareholders often have different, and in many cases competing, aims the key difference is in terms of how quickly they want to see a profit, and the needs of short-term profit-seekers are likely to contradict the needs of those seeking a longer term profit generation system I also conclude that from above highlights it shows just how complex and interlinked all the financial and psychological aspects of business are. It is no longer enough (if it ever was) for businesses to concentrate soley on their shareholders. In the current climate of a credit crunch fuelled by a potent mix of incompetence and greed, with business ethics under scrutiny like never before, the customer is all of us. And the pain we need resolving is not just economic, but social and environmental as well if corporation investment decisions are best pursued through the use of a fictional shareholder concept, rather than through attempts by directors to ascertain and satisfy to the extent possible the conflicting preferences of their corporations actual shareholders and perhaps other stakeholders as well then the fictional diversified shareholder concept, despite its significant implementation difficulties, is the preferred alternative among those here considered. .